···11+ GNU Free Documentation License
22+ Version 1.2, November 2002
33+44+55+ Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
66+ 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
77+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
88+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
99+1010+1111+0. PREAMBLE
1212+1313+The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
1414+functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
1515+assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
1616+with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
1717+Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
1818+to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
1919+for modifications made by others.
2020+2121+This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
2222+works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
2323+complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
2424+license designed for free software.
2525+2626+We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
2727+software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
2828+program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
2929+software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
3030+it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
3131+whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
3232+principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
3333+3434+3535+1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
3636+3737+This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
3838+contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
3939+distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
4040+world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
4141+work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below,
4242+refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
4343+licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you
4444+copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
4545+under copyright law.
4646+4747+A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
4848+Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
4949+modifications and/or translated into another language.
5050+5151+A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
5252+the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
5353+publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
5454+(or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
5555+within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a
5656+textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
5757+mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
5858+connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
5959+commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
6060+them.
6161+6262+The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
6363+are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
6464+that says that the Document is released under this License. If a
6565+section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
6666+allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
6767+Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
6868+Sections then there are none.
6969+7070+The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
7171+as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
7272+the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
7373+be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
7474+7575+A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
7676+represented in a format whose specification is available to the
7777+general public, that is suitable for revising the document
7878+straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
7979+pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
8080+drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
8181+for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
8282+to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
8383+format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
8484+or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
8585+An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
8686+of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
8787+8888+Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
8989+ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
9090+or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
9191+HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of
9292+transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats
9393+include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
9494+proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
9595+processing tools are not generally available, and the
9696+machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
9797+processors for output purposes only.
9898+9999+The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
100100+plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
101101+this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
102102+formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means
103103+the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
104104+preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
105105+106106+A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose
107107+title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
108108+text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a
109109+specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements",
110110+"Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title"
111111+of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
112112+section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition.
113113+114114+The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
115115+states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
116116+Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
117117+License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
118118+implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
119119+no effect on the meaning of this License.
120120+121121+122122+2. VERBATIM COPYING
123123+124124+You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
125125+commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
126126+copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
127127+to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
128128+conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
129129+technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
130130+copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
131131+compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
132132+number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
133133+134134+You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
135135+you may publicly display copies.
136136+137137+138138+3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
139139+140140+If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
141141+printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
142142+Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
143143+copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
144144+Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
145145+the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
146146+you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
147147+the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
148148+visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
149149+Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
150150+the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
151151+as verbatim copying in other respects.
152152+153153+If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
154154+legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
155155+reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
156156+pages.
157157+158158+If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
159159+more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
160160+copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
161161+a computer-network location from which the general network-using
162162+public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
163163+a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
164164+If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
165165+when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
166166+that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
167167+location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
168168+Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
169169+edition to the public.
170170+171171+It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
172172+Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
173173+them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
174174+175175+176176+4. MODIFICATIONS
177177+178178+You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
179179+the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
180180+the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
181181+Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
182182+and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
183183+of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
184184+185185+A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
186186+ from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
187187+ (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
188188+ of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
189189+ if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
190190+B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
191191+ responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
192192+ Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
193193+ Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
194194+ unless they release you from this requirement.
195195+C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
196196+ Modified Version, as the publisher.
197197+D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
198198+E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
199199+ adjacent to the other copyright notices.
200200+F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
201201+ giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
202202+ terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
203203+G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
204204+ and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
205205+H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
206206+I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add
207207+ to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
208208+ publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
209209+ there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one
210210+ stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
211211+ given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
212212+ Version as stated in the previous sentence.
213213+J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
214214+ public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
215215+ the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
216216+ it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section.
217217+ You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
218218+ least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
219219+ publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
220220+K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
221221+ Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all
222222+ the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
223223+ and/or dedications given therein.
224224+L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
225225+ unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
226226+ or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
227227+M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section
228228+ may not be included in the Modified Version.
229229+N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements"
230230+ or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
231231+O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
232232+233233+If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
234234+appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
235235+copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
236236+of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
237237+list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
238238+These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
239239+240240+You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
241241+nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
242242+parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
243243+been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
244244+standard.
245245+246246+You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
247247+passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
248248+of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
249249+Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
250250+through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
251251+includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
252252+by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
253253+you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
254254+permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
255255+256256+The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
257257+give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
258258+imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
259259+260260+261261+5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
262262+263263+You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
264264+License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
265265+versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
266266+Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
267267+list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
268268+license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
269269+270270+The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
271271+multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
272272+copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
273273+different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
274274+adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
275275+author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
276276+Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
277277+Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
278278+279279+In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History"
280280+in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
281281+"History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements",
282282+and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections
283283+Entitled "Endorsements".
284284+285285+286286+6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
287287+288288+You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
289289+released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
290290+License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
291291+the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
292292+verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
293293+294294+You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
295295+it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
296296+License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
297297+other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
298298+299299+300300+7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
301301+302302+A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
303303+and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
304304+distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright
305305+resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
306306+of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
307307+When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
308308+apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
309309+derivative works of the Document.
310310+311311+If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
312312+copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
313313+the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
314314+covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
315315+electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
316316+Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
317317+aggregate.
318318+319319+320320+8. TRANSLATION
321321+322322+Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
323323+distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
324324+Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
325325+permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
326326+translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
327327+original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
328328+translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
329329+Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
330330+the original English version of this License and the original versions
331331+of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
332332+the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
333333+or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
334334+335335+If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
336336+"Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
337337+its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
338338+title.
339339+340340+341341+9. TERMINATION
342342+343343+You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
344344+as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
345345+copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
346346+automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
347347+parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
348348+License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
349349+parties remain in full compliance.
350350+351351+352352+10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
353353+354354+The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
355355+of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
356356+versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
357357+differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
358358+http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
359359+360360+Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
361361+If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
362362+License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
363363+following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
364364+of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
365365+Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
366366+number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
367367+as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
368368+369369+370370+ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
371371+372372+To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
373373+the License in the document and put the following copyright and
374374+license notices just after the title page:
375375+376376+ Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
377377+ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
378378+ under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
379379+ or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
380380+ with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
381381+ A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
382382+ Free Documentation License".
383383+384384+If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
385385+replace the "with...Texts." line with this:
386386+387387+ with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
388388+ Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
389389+390390+If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
391391+combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
392392+situation.
393393+394394+If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
395395+recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
396396+free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
397397+to permit their use in free software.