···785785With sufficiently new versions of libssh2 and OpenSSH, @code{fsync} is
786786supported.
787787788788+@node disk_images_nvme
789789+@subsection NVMe disk images
790790+791791+NVM Express (NVMe) storage controllers can be accessed directly by a userspace
792792+driver in QEMU. This bypasses the host kernel file system and block layers
793793+while retaining QEMU block layer functionalities, such as block jobs, I/O
794794+throttling, image formats, etc. Disk I/O performance is typically higher than
795795+with @code{-drive file=/dev/sda} using either thread pool or linux-aio.
796796+797797+The controller will be exclusively used by the QEMU process once started. To be
798798+able to share storage between multiple VMs and other applications on the host,
799799+please use the file based protocols.
800800+801801+Before starting QEMU, bind the host NVMe controller to the host vfio-pci
802802+driver. For example:
803803+804804+@example
805805+# modprobe vfio-pci
806806+# lspci -n -s 0000:06:0d.0
807807+06:0d.0 0401: 1102:0002 (rev 08)
808808+# echo 0000:06:0d.0 > /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:06:0d.0/driver/unbind
809809+# echo 1102 0002 > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/vfio-pci/new_id
810810+811811+# qemu-system-x86_64 -drive file=nvme://@var{host}:@var{bus}:@var{slot}.@var{func}/@var{namespace}
812812+@end example
813813+814814+Alternative syntax using properties:
815815+816816+@example
817817+qemu-system-x86_64 -drive file.driver=nvme,file.device=@var{host}:@var{bus}:@var{slot}.@var{func},file.namespace=@var{namespace}
818818+@end example
819819+820820+@var{host}:@var{bus}:@var{slot}.@var{func} is the NVMe controller's PCI device
821821+address on the host.
822822+823823+@var{namespace} is the NVMe namespace number, starting from 1.
824824+788825@node disk_image_locking
789826@subsection Disk image file locking
790827
+1
qemu-doc.texi
···621621* disk_images_iscsi:: iSCSI LUNs
622622* disk_images_gluster:: GlusterFS disk images
623623* disk_images_ssh:: Secure Shell (ssh) disk images
624624+* disk_images_nvme:: NVMe userspace driver
624625* disk_image_locking:: Disk image file locking
625626@end menu
626627