use super::{AuthRules, HandleCache, SessionData};
use crate::helpers::json_error_response;
use crate::AppState;
use axum::extract::{Request, State};
use axum::http::{HeaderMap, StatusCode};
use axum::middleware::Next;
use axum::response::{IntoResponse, Response};
use jacquard_identity::resolver::IdentityResolver;
use jacquard_identity::PublicResolver;
use jwt_compact::alg::{Hs256, Hs256Key};
use jwt_compact::{AlgorithmExt, Claims, Token, UntrustedToken, ValidationError};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use std::env;
use std::sync::Arc;
use tracing::log;

#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum AuthScheme {
    Bearer,
    DPoP,
}

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct TokenClaims {
    pub sub: String,
    /// OAuth scopes as space-separated string (per OAuth 2.0 spec)
    #[serde(default)]
    pub scope: Option<String>,
}

/// State passed to the auth middleware containing both AppState and auth rules.
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct AuthMiddlewareState {
    pub app_state: AppState,
    pub rules: AuthRules,
}

/// Core middleware function that validates authentication and applies auth rules.
///
/// Use this with `axum::middleware::from_fn_with_state`:
/// ```ignore
/// use axum::middleware::from_fn_with_state;
///
/// let mw_state = AuthMiddlewareState {
///     app_state: state.clone(),
///     rules: AuthRules::HandleEndsWith(".blacksky.team".into()),
/// };
///
/// .route("/protected", get(handler).layer(from_fn_with_state(mw_state, auth_middleware)))
/// ```
pub async fn auth_middleware(
    State(mw_state): State<AuthMiddlewareState>,
    req: Request,
    next: Next,
) -> Response {
    let AuthMiddlewareState { app_state, rules } = mw_state;

    // 1. Extract DID and scopes from JWT (Bearer token)
    let extracted = match extract_auth_from_request(req.headers()) {
        Ok(Some(auth)) => auth,
        Ok(None) => {
            return json_error_response(StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED, "AuthRequired", "Authentication required")
                .unwrap_or_else(|_| StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED.into_response());
        }
        Err(e) => {
            log::error!("Token extraction error: {}", e);
            return json_error_response(StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED, "InvalidToken", &e)
                .unwrap_or_else(|_| StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED.into_response());
        }
    };

    // 2. Resolve DID to handle (check cache first)
    let handle = match resolve_did_to_handle(&app_state.resolver, &app_state.handle_cache, &extracted.did).await {
        Ok(handle) => handle,
        Err(e) => {
            log::error!("Failed to resolve DID {} to handle: {}", extracted.did, e);
            return json_error_response(
                StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
                "ResolutionError",
                "Failed to resolve identity",
            )
            .unwrap_or_else(|_| StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.into_response());
        }
    };

    // 3. Build session data and validate rules
    let session = SessionData {
        did: extracted.did,
        handle,
        scopes: extracted.scopes,
    };

    if !rules.validate(&session) {
        return json_error_response(StatusCode::FORBIDDEN, "AccessDenied", "Access denied by authorization rules")
            .unwrap_or_else(|_| StatusCode::FORBIDDEN.into_response());
    }

    // 4. Pass through on success
    next.run(req).await
}

/// Extracted authentication data from JWT
struct ExtractedAuth {
    did: String,
    scopes: Vec<String>,
}

/// Extracts the DID and scopes from the Authorization header (Bearer JWT).
fn extract_auth_from_request(headers: &HeaderMap) -> Result<Option<ExtractedAuth>, String> {
    let auth = extract_auth(headers)?;

    match auth {
        None => Ok(None),
        Some((scheme, token_str)) => {
            match scheme {
                AuthScheme::Bearer => {
                    let token = UntrustedToken::new(&token_str)
                        .map_err(|_| "Invalid token format".to_string())?;

                    let _claims: Claims<TokenClaims> = token
                        .deserialize_claims_unchecked()
                        .map_err(|_| "Failed to parse token claims".to_string())?;

                    let key = Hs256Key::new(
                        env::var("PDS_JWT_SECRET")
                            .map_err(|_| "PDS_JWT_SECRET not configured".to_string())?,
                    );

                    let validated: Token<TokenClaims> = Hs256
                        .validator(&key)
                        .validate(&token)
                        .map_err(|e: ValidationError| format!("Token validation failed: {:?}", e))?;

                    let custom = &validated.claims().custom;

                    // Parse scopes from space-separated string (OAuth 2.0 spec)
                    let scopes: Vec<String> = custom.scope
                        .as_ref()
                        .map(|s| s.split_whitespace().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect())
                        .unwrap_or_default();

                    Ok(Some(ExtractedAuth {
                        did: custom.sub.clone(),
                        scopes,
                    }))
                }
                AuthScheme::DPoP => {
                    // DPoP tokens are not validated here; pass through without auth data
                    Ok(None)
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

/// Extracts the authentication scheme and token from the Authorization header.
fn extract_auth(headers: &HeaderMap) -> Result<Option<(AuthScheme, String)>, String> {
    match headers.get(axum::http::header::AUTHORIZATION) {
        None => Ok(None),
        Some(hv) => {
            let s = hv
                .to_str()
                .map_err(|_| "Authorization header is not valid UTF-8".to_string())?;

            let mut parts = s.splitn(2, ' ');
            match (parts.next(), parts.next()) {
                (Some("Bearer"), Some(tok)) if !tok.is_empty() => {
                    Ok(Some((AuthScheme::Bearer, tok.to_string())))
                }
                (Some("DPoP"), Some(tok)) if !tok.is_empty() => {
                    Ok(Some((AuthScheme::DPoP, tok.to_string())))
                }
                _ => Err(
                    "Authorization header must be in format 'Bearer <token>' or 'DPoP <token>'"
                        .to_string(),
                ),
            }
        }
    }
}

/// Resolves a DID to its handle using the PublicResolver, with caching.
async fn resolve_did_to_handle(
    resolver: &Arc<PublicResolver>,
    cache: &HandleCache,
    did: &str,
) -> Result<String, String> {
    // Check cache first
    if let Some(handle) = cache.get(did) {
        return Ok(handle);
    }

    // Parse the DID
    let did_parsed = jacquard_common::types::did::Did::new(did)
        .map_err(|e| format!("Invalid DID: {:?}", e))?;

    // Resolve the DID document
    let did_doc_response = resolver
        .resolve_did_doc(&did_parsed)
        .await
        .map_err(|e| format!("DID resolution failed: {:?}", e))?;

    let doc = did_doc_response
        .parse()
        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to parse DID document: {:?}", e))?;

    // Extract handle from alsoKnownAs field
    // Format is typically: ["at://handle.example.com"]
    let handle: String = doc
        .also_known_as
        .as_ref()
        .and_then(|aka| {
            aka.iter()
                .find(|uri| uri.starts_with("at://"))
                .map(|uri| uri.strip_prefix("at://").unwrap_or(uri.as_ref()).to_string())
        })
        .ok_or_else(|| "No ATProto handle found in DID document".to_string())?;

    // Cache the result
    cache.insert(did.to_string(), handle.clone());

    Ok(handle)
}

// ============================================================================
// Helper Functions for Creating Middleware State
// ============================================================================

/// Creates an `AuthMiddlewareState` for requiring the handle to end with a specific suffix.
///
/// # Example
/// ```ignore
/// use axum::middleware::from_fn_with_state;
/// use crate::auth::{auth_middleware, handle_ends_with};
///
/// .route("/protected", get(handler).layer(
///     from_fn_with_state(handle_ends_with(".blacksky.team", &state), auth_middleware)
/// ))
/// ```
pub fn handle_ends_with(suffix: impl Into<String>, state: &AppState) -> AuthMiddlewareState {
    AuthMiddlewareState {
        app_state: state.clone(),
        rules: AuthRules::HandleEndsWith(suffix.into()),
    }
}

/// Creates an `AuthMiddlewareState` for requiring the handle to end with any of the specified suffixes.
pub fn handle_ends_with_any<I, T>(suffixes: I, state: &AppState) -> AuthMiddlewareState
where
    I: IntoIterator<Item = T>,
    T: Into<String>,
{
    AuthMiddlewareState {
        app_state: state.clone(),
        rules: AuthRules::HandleEndsWithAny(suffixes.into_iter().map(|s| s.into()).collect()),
    }
}

/// Creates an `AuthMiddlewareState` for requiring the DID to equal a specific value.
pub fn did_equals(did: impl Into<String>, state: &AppState) -> AuthMiddlewareState {
    AuthMiddlewareState {
        app_state: state.clone(),
        rules: AuthRules::DidEquals(did.into()),
    }
}

/// Creates an `AuthMiddlewareState` for requiring the DID to be one of the specified values.
pub fn did_equals_any<I, T>(dids: I, state: &AppState) -> AuthMiddlewareState
where
    I: IntoIterator<Item = T>,
    T: Into<String>,
{
    AuthMiddlewareState {
        app_state: state.clone(),
        rules: AuthRules::DidEqualsAny(dids.into_iter().map(|d| d.into()).collect()),
    }
}

/// Creates an `AuthMiddlewareState` with custom auth rules.
pub fn with_rules(rules: AuthRules, state: &AppState) -> AuthMiddlewareState {
    AuthMiddlewareState {
        app_state: state.clone(),
        rules,
    }
}

// ============================================================================
// Scope Helper Functions
// ============================================================================

/// Creates an `AuthMiddlewareState` requiring a specific OAuth scope.
///
/// # Example
/// ```ignore
/// .route("/xrpc/com.atproto.repo.createRecord",
///     post(handler).layer(from_fn_with_state(
///         scope_equals("repo:app.bsky.feed.post", &state),
///         auth_middleware
///     )))
/// ```
pub fn scope_equals(scope: impl Into<String>, state: &AppState) -> AuthMiddlewareState {
    AuthMiddlewareState {
        app_state: state.clone(),
        rules: AuthRules::ScopeEquals(scope.into()),
    }
}

/// Creates an `AuthMiddlewareState` requiring ANY of the specified scopes (OR logic).
///
/// # Example
/// ```ignore
/// .route("/xrpc/com.atproto.repo.putRecord",
///     post(handler).layer(from_fn_with_state(
///         scope_any(["repo:app.bsky.feed.post", "transition:generic"], &state),
///         auth_middleware
///     )))
/// ```
pub fn scope_any<I, T>(scopes: I, state: &AppState) -> AuthMiddlewareState
where
    I: IntoIterator<Item = T>,
    T: Into<String>,
{
    AuthMiddlewareState {
        app_state: state.clone(),
        rules: AuthRules::ScopeEqualsAny(scopes.into_iter().map(|s| s.into()).collect()),
    }
}

/// Creates an `AuthMiddlewareState` requiring ALL of the specified scopes (AND logic).
///
/// # Example
/// ```ignore
/// .route("/xrpc/com.atproto.admin.updateAccount",
///     post(handler).layer(from_fn_with_state(
///         scope_all(["account:email", "account:repo?action=manage"], &state),
///         auth_middleware
///     )))
/// ```
pub fn scope_all<I, T>(scopes: I, state: &AppState) -> AuthMiddlewareState
where
    I: IntoIterator<Item = T>,
    T: Into<String>,
{
    AuthMiddlewareState {
        app_state: state.clone(),
        rules: AuthRules::ScopeEqualsAll(scopes.into_iter().map(|s| s.into()).collect()),
    }
}

// ============================================================================
// Combined Rule Helpers (Identity + Scope)
// ============================================================================

/// Creates an `AuthMiddlewareState` requiring handle to end with suffix AND have a specific scope.
///
/// # Example
/// ```ignore
/// .route("/xrpc/community.blacksky.feed.generator",
///     post(handler).layer(from_fn_with_state(
///         handle_ends_with_and_scope(".blacksky.team", "transition:generic", &state),
///         auth_middleware
///     )))
/// ```
pub fn handle_ends_with_and_scope(
    suffix: impl Into<String>,
    scope: impl Into<String>,
    state: &AppState,
) -> AuthMiddlewareState {
    AuthMiddlewareState {
        app_state: state.clone(),
        rules: AuthRules::All(vec![
            AuthRules::HandleEndsWith(suffix.into()),
            AuthRules::ScopeEquals(scope.into()),
        ]),
    }
}

/// Creates an `AuthMiddlewareState` requiring handle to end with suffix AND have ALL specified scopes.
///
/// # Example
/// ```ignore
/// .route("/xrpc/community.blacksky.admin.manage",
///     post(handler).layer(from_fn_with_state(
///         handle_ends_with_and_scopes(".blacksky.team", ["transition:generic", "identity:*"], &state),
///         auth_middleware
///     )))
/// ```
pub fn handle_ends_with_and_scopes<I, T>(
    suffix: impl Into<String>,
    scopes: I,
    state: &AppState,
) -> AuthMiddlewareState
where
    I: IntoIterator<Item = T>,
    T: Into<String>,
{
    AuthMiddlewareState {
        app_state: state.clone(),
        rules: AuthRules::All(vec![
            AuthRules::HandleEndsWith(suffix.into()),
            AuthRules::ScopeEqualsAll(scopes.into_iter().map(|s| s.into()).collect()),
        ]),
    }
}

/// Creates an `AuthMiddlewareState` requiring DID to equal value AND have a specific scope.
///
/// # Example
/// ```ignore
/// .route("/xrpc/com.atproto.admin.deleteAccount",
///     post(handler).layer(from_fn_with_state(
///         did_with_scope("did:plc:rnpkyqnmsw4ipey6eotbdnnf", "transition:generic", &state),
///         auth_middleware
///     )))
/// ```
pub fn did_with_scope(
    did: impl Into<String>,
    scope: impl Into<String>,
    state: &AppState,
) -> AuthMiddlewareState {
    AuthMiddlewareState {
        app_state: state.clone(),
        rules: AuthRules::All(vec![
            AuthRules::DidEquals(did.into()),
            AuthRules::ScopeEquals(scope.into()),
        ]),
    }
}

/// Creates an `AuthMiddlewareState` requiring DID to equal value AND have ALL specified scopes.
///
/// # Example
/// ```ignore
/// .route("/xrpc/com.atproto.admin.fullAccess",
///     post(handler).layer(from_fn_with_state(
///         did_with_scopes("did:plc:rnpkyqnmsw4ipey6eotbdnnf", ["transition:generic", "identity:*"], &state),
///         auth_middleware
///     )))
/// ```
pub fn did_with_scopes<I, T>(
    did: impl Into<String>,
    scopes: I,
    state: &AppState,
) -> AuthMiddlewareState
where
    I: IntoIterator<Item = T>,
    T: Into<String>,
{
    AuthMiddlewareState {
        app_state: state.clone(),
        rules: AuthRules::All(vec![
            AuthRules::DidEquals(did.into()),
            AuthRules::ScopeEqualsAll(scopes.into_iter().map(|s| s.into()).collect()),
        ]),
    }
}